The presented work is devoted to the problem of forms of exercising the functions of law. The author focuses on a critical analysis of existing concepts (T.N. Radko, V.A. Tolstik, A.V. Konstantinova), identifying their methodological and logical shortcomings, and developing an alternative approach to defining and classifying these forms. The research methodology is based on the principles of materialistic dialectics. The comparative method is widely used to compare approaches to the forms of functions of law and the state, as well as to identify differences between domestic and Western traditions. The historical and legal method is used when referring to the legacy of Soviet legal science. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the fact that the work systematizes and criticizes the main existing concepts of forms of exercising the functions of law; the need for a fundamentally new basis for classifying forms of exercising the functions of law, different from the types of legal impact, is substantiated. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that it is advisable to distinguish all forms of exercising the functions of law into two groups: state-governmental, as well as non-governmental. The first group includes law-making, executive and administrative, judicial, supervisory and law-interpretation forms. The second group includes both legal and non-legal forms of exercising the functions of law; however, it is not possible to talk about the possibility of compiling a complete and exhaustive list of non-governmental forms of exercising the functions of law. Attention is drawn to the need for further elaboration of the presented issues.

This article examines the prolegomena of ideology in the formation of individual legal consciousness. In the course of the study, the authors propose definitions of ideology and national idea. Ideology is a system of goals, functions, and objectives of the state and civil society, the prevailing humanistic values inherent in human biological nature, formalized in hybrid, deeply embedded norms as a set of legal and moral standards, as well as the methodology for their implementation - principles, methods, means, and forms - the ultimate goal of which is the awareness of personal and collective responsibility for the fate of the Fatherland and the ability to realize the prevailing humanistic values established in the state and society. At the same time, the national idea is a complex of system-forming, deeply embedded hybrid norms capable of realizing the following functions of the state and society: accessible and highly effective education; real state, national, and popular sovereignty; a dignified life; population growth; accessible and effective health care.

The article examines the process of formation and development of the Belarusian scientific school of studying the history of state and law of foreign countries of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages. It shows a wide range of studies by Belarusian scientists for the 20th - first quarter of the 21st centuries, which covers the countries of the Ancient East, the state and law of Ancient Rome and the countries of medieval Europe. The article also examines the scientific activities and contribution to the study of this problem of V.I. Picheta, N.M. Nikolsky, A.N. Yasinsky, F.M. Nechay, G.I. Dovgyalo, А.А. Dvoretskaya, V.I. Goremykina, V.I. Yermolovich and О.I. Khankevich. In the presented work, special attention is paid to the contribution to historical and legal science of N. M. Nikolsky, who described the multi-structured economic system of Ancient Babylon, also subjected to justified criticism the concept of despotic rule in this state, which still dominates the pages of modern textbooks and monographs. In addition, the authors analyzed the views of F.M. Nechay on the content and patterns of formation of the legal status of various social classes in the Hellenistic states of the ancient world and Ancient Rome. The original theory of G.I. Dovgyalo on the formation of royal power among the Hittites was not ignored. Along with this, an assessment was given to the scientific contribution to the study of Roman law by A.A. Dvoretskaya. Among modern specialists in the field of comparative legal studies of medieval Slavic law, a description of the scientific results of V.I. Ermolovich was given.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Russian legal language. The greatest treasure of the Russian people, the Russian language, is noted. The author pays special attention to the Russian legal language. The relevance of the study is explained by recent legislative amendments, as well as the increased attention to spiritual and moral values, one of which is the Russian language. In the process of writing the article, the author uses a combination of methods, including abstraction, formal legal analysis, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, legal modeling, comparative legal analysis, and problem-theoretical research methods. The novelty of the work lies in the attempt to analyze the state of the Russian legal language in a critical manner. The paper provides an overview of existing problems and formulates a number of proposals for improving legal policy in order to enhance the quality of written legal language. It has been established that the modern Russian legal language is a systemic formation. The author argues that the Russian legal language conveys the historical memory of the Russian people. The article explores the issue of language reception. The conclusion is that the Russian legal language and the Russian language are related as part and whole. The established linguistic traditions in the legal field are a national treasure.

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the subject focus of legal regulation and the methods of influencing legally significant social relations used in modern conditions. Based on the systemic methodology and monitoring of the latest judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Federal Arbitration Courts, the need to rethink the place of the subject of law in the mechanism of state-normative management is substantiated. With the involvement of literary sources, vulnerable theoretical and practical aspects of the "mechanistic" concept of legal regulation are shown, in which attention is focused on the totality of the authoritative-coercive instruments. At the same time, the advantages of a systematic approach to the subject and methods of influencing law, from the point of view of its humanistic component, are revealed. The use of methods of structural analysis, induction and deduction, legal hermeneutics and comparative studies in their dialectical relationship made it possible to draw conclusions on the topic stated in the title of the article and formulate new scientific provisions. In the conclusions, the author proposes to reconsider the characteristics of social relations, which are the focus of legal regulation in the context of today's realities, and proves, including using examples of specific court cases, the objective need to use modern technologies, primarily information technologies, in the methods of normative-management influence. The inclusion of information and anthropogenic means of interaction in social relations expands the boundaries of the subject of legal regulation, which should be taken into account in the methods of normative-management influence while maintaining legal autonomy and preventing the "dissolution" of jurisprudence in related areas of regulation.

The article analyzes the constitutional and legal content of the institution of citizenship, which is known to be one of the most important elements of the legal status of an individual. Russian citizenship gives a person a legally defined amount of rights and obligations, the protection of which is guaranteed by the state. The content of the institution of citizenship is not limited to ensuring the legal status of an individual; it serves the unification and stability of society, with its help the problems of demography and migration are solved. It is noted that the concept of understanding citizenship as belonging to a particular state reflects the special nature of this institution. At the present stage, the issue of the development of legal regulation of citizenship does not lose its relevance, especially given the presence of migration processes. The article contains an analysis of some of the current problems of the institution of citizenship, as well as the authors suggest possible solutions. In particular, the issues of the simplified process of acquiring Russian citizenship, the presence of dual (multiple) citizenship, and the termination of citizenship are being investigated.

The subject of this study is the constitutional principle of separation of powers and its practical implementation in the modern Russian Federation, in particular the interaction between the judicial and legislative branches of government and the executive branch. The focus is not so much on the formal enshrinement of this principle in the text of the Constitution as on the real mechanisms of influence of the executive branch on the processes of personnel and institutional formation of other branches. The methodological basis of the work is comparative legal analysis, an institutional approach, and elements of systems analysis, which allow us to trace not only the legal but also the political and legal consequences of the emerging situation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in its attempt to consider the appointment of representatives of the judiciary not as a private personnel issue, but as an indicator of a possible change in the balance of powers directly related to the legislative process. The article formulates a hypothesis that the gradual normalisation of the court's dependence on the executive branch could lead to greater control over legislative activity and, ultimately, to a reduction in the autonomy of parliament as an institution. The author concludes that while formal procedures for the separation of powers remain in place, their actual content is undergoing transformation. This creates the risk of replacing the principle of balance of powers with its imitation and paves the way for the institutional domination of the executive branch, which in the long run could significantly change the nature of Russian lawmaking.

The purpose of the article is to classify the types of planning law-drafting activities carried out in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the classification allows us to identify the diversity of the content of planning activities and to determine the problems that arise in the preparation and implementation of plans for law-drafting work of various classes. The study is based on the use of a systems approach, from the position of which planning the preparation of draft laws and planning their adoption are considered as inextricably linked parts of a single planning process. The application of comparative legal and formal legal methods made it possible to analyze the approaches to the organization and legal regulation of relations associated with the development and implementation of le law-drafting work plans that have developed in the regions of Russia. Based on the analysis, proposals have been formulated to improve the planning of law-drafting activities in the subjects of the Russian Federation. In particular, the need for a transition to long-term and strategic planning of law-drafting work, the formation of joint planning documents, and the use of content-priority planning technology is substantiated.

This article examines the approaches of Russian courts to resolving fundamental and urgent problems of law enforcement in the field of subsurface use, in terms of exploration and production of energy resources. Currently, judicial practice has not given a definitive answer to the question of the legal qualification of the well; about the ratio of the rights of owners (owners, users) of subsurface areas, property necessary for their operation and holders of rights to land; the need to grant a subsoil user the right to lease a land plot either strictly within the boundaries of a mining allotment or within the limits necessary for subsurface use; the issue of a list of legal grounds for termination of the right to use subsurface resources and a number of others. Inherent flexibility in judicial practice in this case negatively affects the interests of subjects of relations in the fuel and energy sector. The opinion is expressed and justified that the development of legislation on limited property rights would contribute to greater certainty of conducting business and other economic activities in the field of operation of fuel and energy complex facilities. The author comes to the conclusion that there is a case law in Russia. It is stated that despite the restrictive interpretation of the concept of "judicial practice" by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the approach of the courts to this concept remains as broad as possible.

The article is devoted to a brief excursion into the formation and development of the legal category of exclusive rights in foreign legislation and doctrine. It is noted that the development of intellectual property legislation in foreign legal systems, as well as domestic legislation, reflects the peculiarities of the development of society and is based on doctrinal concepts about the legal nature of intellectual rights formed at a particular historical stage. Using the example of a number of countries, as well as EU law, it is shown how approaches to the legal consolidation of authors' rights to intellectual property objects have changed. Special attention is paid in the article to the controversial issue of the content of exclusive rights, and various positions of foreign scientists on this issue are presented – a negative concept based on the theory of imperatives, as well as a positive concept of exclusive rights.

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the principle of good faith in the performance and termination of contractual obligations in the civil law of the Russian Federation and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The subject of the study is the content and application of the principle of good faith by the parties to the contract in two legal systems. The methodology is based on comparative legal, systemic and formal legal methods: regulatory acts (civil codes of Russia and Vietnam), judicial practice and doctrinal sources are studied. Scientific novelty lies in comparing the approaches of two different legal systems (Russian, influenced by the European continental tradition, and Vietnamese, formed under the influence of the socialist and French traditions) to the implementation of the principle of good faith. General trends are revealed, such as recognition of good faith as a fundamental principle and the requirement of honest behavior of the parties at all stages of the obligation, as well as differences, for example, in the degree of specification of this principle in legislation and its practical implementation by the courts. The findings confirm that in both countries the principle of good faith plays a key role in ensuring fairness and stability in civil transactions: parties must act honestly and reasonably when executing contracts and terminating them, not abuse their rights and cooperate with each other. In Russian law, this principle is legislatively enshrined and detailed by judicial clarifications, which provide, in particular, for the inadmissibility of deriving benefits from bad faith behavior. In Vietnamese law, the principle of good faith is also proclaimed as a general rule of conduct for participants in civil legal relations at all stages of the contract, although its wording is more general. Examples of judicial practice and doctrinal opinions of famous scholars are given, confirming the importance of the principle of good faith in both Russia and Vietnam, and the need for further clarification of the criteria for good faith behavior for effective law enforcement is emphasized.

The article examines issues related to the application of sanctions by unfriendly countries to Russian business entities owned or controlled by individuals subject to personal blocking sanctions, as well as issues related to the development and implementation of measures to reduce the sanctions risks of such companies. The conditions for applying sanctions to organizations associated with sanctioned entities are analyzed; information about business entities, the disclosure of which may lead to the imposition of sanctions against such companies, is also analyzed. The main measures to reduce the sanctions risks of companies are considered. The main focus is on measures aimed at eliminating the legal grounds for the application of sanctions. The article pays special attention to the corporate agreement, which is considered as a legal instrument for ensuring corporate rights and property interests of the controlling person, if necessary, reducing the size of his participation in the business entity to reduce the latter's sanctions risks. The authors of the article conclude that it is possible to include provisions in the corporate agreement that, on the one hand, will ensure that the basic corporate rights and property interests of a person who has reduced his share in the authorized capital of the company are taken into account, and, on the other hand, will not lead to such a person gaining control over the company and, as a result, the application of sanctions. Analytical, logical, comparative, descriptive and other methods were used as the main methods of cognition during the research.

The main document regulating the relations between the participants of the surrogacy program is the contract concluded between them, but its legislative regulation is currently limited to indicating only the possibility of its conclusion. In this regard, all issues related to the content of the agreement and its terms are left to the discretion of the parties. The article attempts to explore some of these issues. The research uses general scientific methods of theoretical analysis, generalization and systematization of scientific data. Attention is paid to the issue of the form of the contract, and the need for its notarization is argued. Some of the most significant, as well as possible additional terms of the surrogacy agreement are considered. It is indicated that before concluding and signing the contract in question, the parties should consider and discuss in detail all possible scenarios and, for each of them, consider and prescribe in the contract all the necessary legal consequences, compensation and other conditions that ensure the possibility of protecting the rights and interests of each of the parties to the contract. It is concluded that it is necessary to legislate the concept of a surrogacy contract, its content, essential conditions, form, rights and obligations of the parties, as well as other provisions that are important for eliminating legal gaps.

This article analyzes regulatory legal acts governing entrepreneurial activity, including innovation, in Moscow, and presents the main trends and prospects for entrepreneurship development in this region. The authors examine the challenges of legal regulation in the innovation sphere, focusing on support for small and medium-sized businesses. The article presents data highlighting the achievements of Moscow in establishing centers that support cutting-edge innovation research. The authors note the effectiveness of established rules for integrating digital resources into business support. The article notes that the expansion of intellectual property commercialization will be a promising development in innovation and entrepreneurship, and suggests that this trend will be a significant indicator of the development of high-tech sectors of the economy. The authors pay particular attention to the role of the Moscow Registry of Startups and High-Tech Companies. The article notes that business entities can enter the Register as startups if their revenue is less than or equal to 800 million rubles, or as high-tech companies if their revenue exceeds 800 million rubles.

The choice of the topic of the article is due to the need to solve the primary problem of ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. These tasks are interrelated and interdependent, as the conduct of efficient agricultural production will allow to solve the problem of improvement of rural territories and will ensure the growth of the welfare of rural citizens and implementation of many adopted government programs on agriculture. The authors note that the modern agrarian economy is closely intertwined with the inclusion in economic activity of new natural objects that were previously unavailable for use in civil turnover, namely for agricultural land use. construction of housing for farmers; agricultural land for the development of priority agrarian tourism using coastal recreational areas and water bodies; forest areas for construction of hotels, tourist bases, development of tourism infrastructure; OOPT lands used for tourism purposes. The authors note that the removal of administrative and legal barriers will promote the involvement of these lands in commercial activity, which will allow to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.

In this paper, an independent attempt is made to retrospectively study the essence of the special legal regime of territorial development zones in the context of its comparison with the special legal regimes of other zones already known to Russian legislation, taking into account the prevailing doctrinal positions found in this area of legal knowledge. The author identifies a number of key features that are, in principle, characteristic of any special legal regime established in certain territories within the borders of the Russian Federation, and consistently proves the actual presence of signs of such a regime in territorial development zones, including by drawing an appropriate analogy with special regimes of other types of zones. The author draws attention to the rather ambiguous law-making approach that has repeatedly manifested itself in recent decades in the formation of official lists of subjects of the Russian Federation, where territorial development zones could legitimately be created at one time or another. This article also draws original conclusions about specific legal and technical shortcomings of the general rules for the formation of the above-mentioned lists of subjects of the Russian Federation, which still raise legitimate questions about how these rules should have been correctly applied in practice to obtain the expected beneficial socio-economic result in a particular Russian region.

The modern innovative concept of commercial law is inseparable from the thinking of commercial law, and the concept of commercial law is the basic spirit of the work of the thinking of commercial law. Its content includes a profit-making mindset, the autonomy of entrepreneurs, the priority of efficiency, and the guarantee of safety. Compared to the norms of civil law, the concept of commercial law has a comparative advantage for applying the rules of commercial practice. From the point of view of corporate law, the establishment of a company and the business reputation of a company are not effectively protected in traditional civil law. The practice of teaching concepts of commercial law is currently structurally imperfect and needs to be optimized when developing future educational reforms, which is especially important primarily for the EAEU, SCO, BRICS+ and other member states. On a practical level, the overall work on optimizing the business environment in modern conditions of digitalization cannot be separated from the support of the rule of law, and the value guidance of the concept of commercial law is even more necessary. Logical, comparative, empirical, descriptive and others were used as the main methods of cognition during the research. In the course of the research, in particular, the need to overcome existing shortcomings in teaching students the concepts of commercial law was revealed, primarily caused by the lack of codified law in many states, as well as the lack of auxiliary conditions for teaching the discipline in question indicated in this work.

The article examines some issues of modern legal regulation of the use of digitalization technologies in the process of placing government orders in Russia. In this study, the author analyzes the evolution of legal regulation of public procurement procedures using digital technologies. Particular attention is paid to a comprehensive study of the regulatory framework governing the implementation and operation of electronic platforms for public procurement. The key stages of the transformation of the regulatory framework are considered, starting with the first attempts at digitalization and ending with modern standards and regulations aimed at increasing the transparency, efficiency and competitiveness of public procurement in the digital economy. The author of the work analyzes the regulatory framework that determines the procedures for registration and accreditation of participants in electronic trading platforms and specialized trading platforms intended for the placement of lots of government customers. In order to achieve the stated research objectives, the article uses such methods as historical, systemic and logical, as well as the comparative legal method. In this article, the author focuses on identifying a number of significant gaps in the legal regulation of the legal relations under study related to the accreditation of participants in electronic trading platforms and specialized trading platforms. The author of the work offers his own definition of the concept of accreditation, taking into account the specifics of electronic trading systems and their legal nature.

This article examines the legal regulation and legal authorities of copyrighted objects created using artificial intelligence solutions. The article provides a legal analysis of the definition of "artificial intelligence" under Russian law. Particular attention is paid to legal conflicts arising during the creation of intellectual property using artificial intelligence solutions, including issues of authorship, adaptation of works, and distribution of rights. The article formulates approaches to answering the question of whether the results of a machine simulating cognitive functions can be equivalent in content and quality to the results of human creative activity. An analysis of current legal regulations is presented, facilitating the resolution of legal conflicts arising during the creation of intellectual property using artificial intelligence solutions. The article concludes that further development of legal mechanisms capable of responding to the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies is necessary, particularly with regard to liability for the generation of works based on original works in violation of the rights of the original copyright holders. Proposals have been formulated to improve legal regulation in the area of using artificial intelligence technical solutions in the field of creation, modification and processing of the results of human intellectual activity.

This article explores the adaptation of traditional legal protection mechanisms to the widespread adoption of smart contract technologies. The author analyzes existing challenges in the legal regulation of automated contractual relationships and proposes ways to modernize the system of legal protection. The study examines conceptual approaches to creating hybrid legal frameworks that combine the principles of blockchain decentralization with traditional rights protection mechanisms. Special attention is given to the development of specialized judicial practices, the establishment of techno-legal standards, and the creation of new evidentiary procedures in the digital environment. The author argues for the necessity of a multi-layered legal protection system that includes both preventive mechanisms (such as standardization and code auditing) and post-transaction remedies (such as specialized arbitration procedures and compensation mechanisms). The findings indicate that successful integration of smart contracts into the legal domain is possible only through a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach and active collaboration between the legal community, IT specialists, and regulators.

In the article, the author examines the system of rights and obligations of an investor as the main element of his legal status in the Russian Federation. The article considers the features of the regulatory consolidation of rights and obligations, as well as their importance for the formation of a comprehensive understanding of the legal status of the investor. The review provides an overview of the sources of regulation of investor's rights and obligations, including federal legislation, international treaties, by-laws, and contractual forms, which allows us to show the multilevel and fragmented nature of the regulatory framework. Special attention is paid to the analysis of scientific approaches to the classification of investor's rights in order to form a new author's classification. It is noted that the investor's rights are primarily declarative, expressing the general principles of investment law, and the investor's obligations largely coincide with those of other business entities, with the exception of special responsibilities, for example, for the targeted use of investments. The author proposes a new classification of investor's rights according to their content, as well as identifies the main groups of investor's responsibilities. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a detailed analysis of the rights and obligations of an investor with the formation of their system with the definition of system-forming factors, which previously had not received comprehensive coverage in the doctrine of investment and business law.

In the article, the author, based on an analysis of judicial practice in cases of seizure of land for state and municipal needs, concludes that there are a number of problems that do not adequately protect the rights of citizens and organizations from which land is seized. First of all, the author notes the need to legislate the minimum possible amount of compensation in connection with the seizure of a land plot, suggesting that the cadastral value of the land plot should be established as such. The author also sees a problem in the lack of adequate protection of the rights of persons who are formally considered to have been duly notified of upcoming court hearings regarding the seizure of their land plot, but in reality they could not be notified of this. The article proposes to ensure, on the initiative of the court, the participation of a lawyer in court in cases related to the seizure of land. The author also considers it necessary to oblige the court to appoint, on its own initiative, a judicial appraisal examination of the seized land plot in order to correctly determine the amount of compensation to be paid to the owner of the land plot.

The article presents the theoretical foundations and describes the actual regulations governing the requirements for informing passengers on public motor vehicles and urban ground-based electric transport in the Russian Federation. The legal regulation of passenger information is an important part of the operation of public transport, as it ensures that passengers have access to timely information about the transportation services they receive. Insufficient information about the public transport system makes it difficult to use such a system, as it is impossible to obtain information in advance about various parameters of the passenger transportation service, including stability, speed, price, routes, departure times from the bus stop, accessibility for people with limited mobility, and so on. The main methods of cognition used in the study were logical, comparative, empirical, analytical, descriptive, and others. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the following conclusion: in order to improve the effectiveness of legal regulation of public transport in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to introduce additional clarifications to the conceptual framework and a number of norms aimed at informing passengers of public transport on the Internet. It is also possible to supplement the existing procedures and rules governing the process of informing passengers.

The article notes that telephone fraud committed by organized criminal groups is one of the lines of attacks on Russians, methods of waging war against our country, which has been elevated to the rank of state policy. This is done by government agencies or structures, criminal communities (criminal organizations) that are under state Ukrainian control, and other persons in Russia take part in their criminal activities to collect personal data of citizens, organize virtual calls via a sim box, use Russian numbers, and transfer stolen funds abroad. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that for a complete, comprehensive and objective consideration of criminal cases related to fraud by organized criminal groups, it is advisable to refer such cases, in accordance with the requirements of Part 2 of Article 151 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, to the jurisdiction of investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation under Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the operational support of the FSB Russian Federation.

Within the framework of this article, the author offers readers a review of some criminalistic aspects related to one of the spheres of economic activity of our state – the sphere of housing and communal services. In recent years, it has undergone a number of changes, which, in turn, cannot but be reflected in the commission of criminal attacks in it. In turn, digital technologies make a significant contribution to the development of the criminal world in this branch of human activity. Thanks to them, corruption crimes are committed (and not only), and thanks to them they are investigated. They introduce a new vector into the development of criminalistic science as a whole, as well as separately into the methodology of investigating corruption crimes, which today have become known as digital corruption. There are a number of changes that have occurred in the field of housing and communal services in connection with digitalization. A brief overview of the ways of committing crimes in this area is offered, possible traces that criminals may leave at the crime scene, etc. are noted. In addition, readers are invited to familiarize themselves with the plots from the materials of criminal cases on this group of crimes, which have their own specific features, which are described by the author in other works.

The article examines the methods in theoretical and practical knowledge of state power, state and law are studied based on reading the monograph by S.A. Kalinin "Conceptual and Methodological Problems of Modern Jurisprudence" and its assessment from the point of view of the system of general, general scientific, particular scientific and other methods. The system of classification of methods is shown, which was established in philosophy in the late 1980s, under the influence of which were scientists of the Soviet period of development of society and the state in the USSR. One of the fundamental monographs of the Soviet era on legal methodology was the work of B. Ya. Tokarev "Logical and Historical Methods in Theoretical Research of Law" (1986). It reflects the mentality of a legal scholar of the Soviet era, who decided the issue of the relationship between economics, state power, law from the point of view of the materialistic understanding of history. The logical and historical methods developed by him as categories of dialectical logic have not lost their relevance even today. The article shows the advantages of the philosophical system of classification of research methods developed in the Soviet Union. It is concluded that in the methodology of studying the state and law, worldview plays a great role, knowledge of the hierarchy of methods and their correct application contributes to the implementation of the principle of transition from the abstract to the concrete in the theoretical knowledge of state and legal phenomena.