Issues of Legal Qualification of Results of Intellectual Activity of Artificial Intelligence on the Example of Copyright: National and International Aspects

The creation of intellectual property by artificial intelligence raises a number of complex issues related to its legal classification, rendering this area a subject of pressing scholarly inquiry. In the contemporary context, it is essential not only to determine the legal status of intellectual property generated autonomously by artificial intelligence or with its assistance, but also to uphold the foundational principles of law, emphasizing the possibility that authorship can be attributed solely to a natural person. This study explores the position of artificial intelligence within the framework of social relations and examines how this positioning influences the legal qualification of intellectual property outcomes. Furthermore, the research evaluates the extent to which these issues are regulated both at the national level and in the jurisdictions of foreign states, thereby providing a broader perspective on the matter. The object of investigation is the legal relationships concerning copyright ownership over intellectual property produced by artificial intelligence, while the subject matter centers on the analysis of legislative provisions and judicial practice within both domestic and foreign legal systems regarding the attribution of authorship in such cases. The methodological foundation of the study encompasses both general scientific and legal methods, including comparison, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and deduction on the one hand, and formal-legal and comparative-legal analysis on the other. The results of this work include an analysis of the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation alongside judicial practice in foreign jurisdictions – specifically, the United States of America, European Union countries, Asian states, and Australia. Additionally, general recommendations aimed at enhancing the national legislative framework are proposed. From a practical standpoint, there appears to be relative uniformity concerning the determination of authorship for intellectual property created by artificial intelligence; however, notable exceptions exist, such as a precedent-setting case in Australia. Thus, this study holds tangible practical significance, as it highlights, through foreign judicial examples, the necessity of introducing legislative amendments within the domestic legal system.

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