The focus of the study is the work of an outstanding historian, one of the brightest political figures of the Renaissance, Francesco Guicciardini. Unfortunately, for a long time, due attention to his literary heritage was absent. However, even after the publication of the works, the author's judgments were not perceived unambiguously, in some cases they were recognized as devoid of any scientific merit, they were subjected to rather harsh, although, in our opinion, not deserved criticism. Most likely, this attitude is explained by the fact that the syllable and style of Guicciardini's works are somewhat unusual for perception and make it difficult to correctly understand the ideas and approaches he proposed. Since the XIX century, scientists have shown interest in the person and work of the Florentine politician and were able to appreciate his views. An analysis of individual works showed that Guicciardini, although he was a republican, nevertheless saw many significant shortcomings in popular rule and for this reason considered the establishment of a dictatorship - in the event of a serious threat to society as a whole. In his opinion, each form of government has its own advantages and inherent flaws. There is neither an ideal form of government, nor an ideal state structure, nor an ideal ruler. At the same time, people who have gained access to power to one degree or another need to take all possible measures and means to improve the mechanism of the state and public order. If everyone works for the good of society, then the state will have significant strength and authority.