The article analyzes the legislation and law enforcement practice in the field of ensuring the proper performance of the constitutional duty to defend the Fatherland. Attention is drawn to the fact that a number of provisions of current legislation falls behind modern realities, ignore the opportunities of information society. With the development of information and communication technologies, they are increasingly penetrating into the military scope, ensuring the accuracy of the use of weapons, their mobility. The tempo and speed of response to the emerging threat of military aggression is changing objectively. This concerns not only conscription at a quiet period in the life of the state and society, but also when there is a need to mobilize additional human resources, for example during a period of partial mobilization. Experience shows the need for further improvement of legislation on military duty, defense, and mobilization. This applies not only to organizational issues, but also to some other issues related to liability, including moral responsibility. The importance of complying with the legislation on conscription by citizens and military commissariats is emphasized. Proposals are made to improve legislative acts in this area. In particular, we think that it would be appropriate to explain to young people from the moment they are assigned to recruiting stations that after the decree of the head of state on the regular draft they must go to the recruiting office in the order established by the Ministry of Defense to solve all the problems connected with the draft. Record the receipt of this information against the signature of the alleged conscript.