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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">eclasoc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ЭКОНОМИКА. ПРАВО. ОБЩЕСТВО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ECONOMICS. LAW. SOCIETY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2411-118X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБОУ ВО «РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">eclasoc-138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИНАНСЫ И ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FINANCES AND LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Центральный банк Российской Федерации как субъект и «валютный своп» как источник международного валютного права в рамках международных финансовых механизмов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Central Bank of the Russian Federation as a Subject and Its Currency Swap Agreements as a Source of International Monetary Law Within the Framework of International Financial Mechanisms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мехтиев</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mekhtiev</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела научного обеспечения деятельности секретариата делегации Российской Федерации </p><p>Адрес: 107078, Москва, Б. Харитоньевский пер., д. 22–24, стр. 1А, 1БВ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Scientist of the Department of Scientific Support of Activity of the Secretariat of the Delegation of the Russian Federation </p><p>Address: Build. 1А, 1BV, 22–24 B. Kharitonyevskiy Pereulok, Moscow, 107078</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mekhtiev.mg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Европейская комиссия за демократию через право (Венецианская комиссия) Института законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission) of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мехтиев М.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мехтиев М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mekhtiev M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://epo.rea.ru/jour/article/view/138">https://epo.rea.ru/jour/article/view/138</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье исследуются изменения полномочий центральных банков, в частности Банка России, в результате распространения международных финансовых механизмов по предоставлению иностранной ликвидности. Данный механизм является неотъемлемой частью экономической и финансовой интеграции государств, так как такая интеграция не может протекать без соответствующих изменений, гармонизации и координации регулирования в сфере денежно-кредитной политики и регулирования и контроля за денежным оборотом как на национальном, так и на международном уровне. А раз эти полномочия переданы центральным банкам соответствующими органами государственной власти в рамках национальной юрисдикции, то данные финансовые институты становятся субъектами международного права, а валютные своп-линии, или соглашения, его источниками. Для того чтобы выявить и изучить этот феномен, статья раскрывает особенности правовой базы и инструментов, которые используются в международных договорах о создании международных финансовых механизмов по предоставлению иностранной ликвидности, такие как Европейский центральный банк, Европейский стабилизационный механизм, а также Договор о создании пула условных валютных резервов БРИКС. Международные финансовые механизмы по предоставлению иностранной ликвидности представляют собой институты, основанные на международных договорах, регулирующих порядок предоставления сторонам необходимой иностранной валюты, т. е. иностранной ликвидности. Основными методами данной работы являются анализ и синтез, путем которых были выявлены необходимые характеристики, позволяющие определить статус центрального банка в международном праве и выявить природу своп-соглашений между центральными банками. Правовая база одного из таких институтов делегировала Европейскому центральному банку полномочия, признанные Судом Европейского совета, которые придают ему международную правосубъектность. Инструментами достижения целей вышеуказанных договоров являются, как правило, валютные своп-соглашения, которые должны, согласно этим договорам, заключаться между центральными банками. Автор приходит к выводу, что раз международные договоры предусматривают передачу полномочий по осуществлению их целей центральным банкам, то это указывает на тот факт, что центральные банки, в том числе и Центральный банк Российской Федерации, приобретают международную правосубъектность, а своп-соглашения между, например, Банком России и центральными банками других государств – членов БРИКС, являются источниками международного публичного права. Более того, представители центральных банков стран БРИКС участвуют в формировании международных органов в рамках Пула условных валютных резервов с полномочиями принимать решения по предоставлению ликвидности в долларах США в обмен на национальную валюту государств – членов БРИКС.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article evaluates changes in the powers of central banks, in particular the Bank of Russia, as a result of the extensive use of international financial mechanisms for foreign liquidity extension. This mechanism is an integral part of the economic and financial integration of states, since such integration cannot proceed without mutatis mutandis harmonization and coordination of regulation in the sphere of monetary policy and regulation and control of money circulation both at the national and international levels. And since these powers are transferred to central banks by relevant state authorities within the framework of the national jurisdiction, these financial institutions become not only subjects of international law, but also swap agreements between them become sources of this field of law. In order to identify and study this phenomenon, this article reveals features of the instruments used in international treaties to form international financial mechanisms to extend foreign liquidity, such as the European Stabilization Mechanism, where the European Central Bank plays a special role, as well as the Treaty for the Establishment of a BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement, which takes a central place in this work. International financial mechanisms for foreign liquidity extension are institutions based on international treaties governing the procedure for providing parties with necessary foreign currency, i.e. foreign liquidity. The core methods of this work are analysis and synthesis, by which necessary characteristics were identified, allowing to determine the status of the central bank in international law and to reveal the nature of swap agreements between central banks. One of these international financial institutions’ legal bases granted the ECB powers, which are recognized by the European Court of Justice as marks of international subjectivity of the ECB. The instruments to achieve objectives of the above-mentioned treaties are, as a rule, currency swap agreements, which according to these treaties should be entered into between central banks of the parties in the treaty. The author comes to the conclusion that since international treaties transfer powers to implement their goals to central banks, central banks, including the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, acquire international legal personality, and swap agreements entered into between the Bank of Russia and central banks of other BRICS Member States, being instruments to achieve objectives of the treaty, are sources of international law. Moreover, representatives of central banks of the BRICS countries participate in the formation of international bodies of the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement with the power to make decisions on dollar liquidity extension in exchange for national currencies of the BRICS countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Центральный банк</kwd><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>международное валютное право</kwd><kwd>соглашение о валютном свопе</kwd><kwd>международные финансовые механизмы</kwd><kwd>Европейский центральный банк</kwd><kwd>БРИКС</kwd><kwd>контингентные резервы</kwd><kwd>международные финансы</kwd><kwd>международные резервы</kwd><kwd>валютный союз</kwd><kwd>финансовая стабильность</kwd><kwd>регулирование валютного курса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Central bank</kwd><kwd>public international law</kwd><kwd>international monetary law</kwd><kwd>currency swap agreement</kwd><kwd>international financial mechanisms</kwd><kwd>European Central Bank</kwd><kwd>BRICS</kwd><kwd>Contingent reserve arrangement</kwd><kwd>international finance</kwd><kwd>international Reserves</kwd><kwd>Monetary Union</kwd><kwd>financial stability</kwd><kwd>FX regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">1981 Unified Economic Agreement between the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1981 Unified Economic Agreement between the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AlKholifey Ah., Ali A. 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